Testicular Examination And Testicular Self-Examination (TSE): Results

Each testicle should feel firm but not hard, and the surface should be very smooth, without any lumps or bumps. The spongy, tubelike structure (epididymis) may be felt on the top and down the back side of each testicle. One testicle (usually the left) may hang slightly lower than the other, and one testicle may be slightly larger than the other. This difference is usually normal.

No pain or discomfort is experienced during testicular examination or TSE.

A small, hard lump (often about the size of a pea) is felt on the surface of the testicle, or the testicle is swollen or enlarged. If you notice a lump or swelling during TSE, contact your health professional immediately. Do not delay or wait for the lump to go away because it may be an early sign of testicular cancer. Immediate treatment provides the best chance for a cure.

One or both testicles are not felt. If you cannot feel one or both testicles while performing TSE, contact your health professional. This may indicate an undescended testicle.

A soft collection of thin tubes (often referred to as a "bag of worms" or "spaghetti") is felt above or behind the testicle. This may indicate a varicocele.

Sudden (acute) pain or swelling in the scrotum that is noticed during the testicular examination or TSE may indicate an infection (epididymitis) or blockage of blood flow to the testicle (testicular torsion), either of which require immediate medical evaluation.

A free-floating lump in the scrotum that is not attached to a testicle may be present but is not a cause for concern.