Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): References

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References

Other Works Consulted

• Kongara K, Soffer E (2003). Esophageal motility disorders and noncardiac chest pain. In SL Friedman et al., eds., Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Gastroenterology, 2nd ed., pp. 283–298. New York: McGraw-Hill.

• Menderson MH (2004). Esophageal emergencies. In JE Tintinalli et al., eds., Emergency Medicine, 6th ed., pp. 508–513. New York: McGraw-Hill.

• Shafi MA, Ergun GA (2005). Dysphagia and esophageal obstruction. In RE Rakel, ET Bope, eds., Conn's Current Therapy, pp. 564–575. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

• Spechler SJ (2003). Esophageal disorders. In DC Dale, DD Federman, eds., Scientific American Medicine, section 1, chap. 1. New York: WebMD.

Last updated:	July 06, 2007
Author:	Monica Rhodes
Reviewed By:	Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine, Richard D. Zorowitz, MD - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Editors:	Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA, Michele Cronen