Pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide for lice
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Examples
| Brand Name | Chemical Name |
| Triple X | pyrethrins combined with piperonyl butoxide |
These pyrethrin medicines are available without a prescription as shampoos or gels that are left on the hair for 10 minutes and then rinsed out. A second treatment is needed 1 week after the first, to kill newly hatched lice.
How It Works
Pyrethrins kill lice and some of the eggs (nits) at the time it is applied. Unlike permethrin, these products do not continue to work after they have been rinsed out of the hair.
Why It Is Used
Pyrethrin medicines are another common, useful treatment for head and public lice.
People who are allergic to ragweed or chrysanthemums should not use products containing pyrethrins.
How Well It Works
Pyrethrin products are useful against lice, but treatment failures are getting more and more common.1 Some countries have reported an increase in resistance to pyrethrin.2 If this occurs, other treatments (such as malathion or permethrin) or a combination of treatments (such as permethrin cream along with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole) can be used instead, after waiting at least a week.
Side Effects
Pyrethrin products have few side effects.
See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug Reference is not available in all systems.)
What To Think About
These products can be less effective than permethrin (Nix) for treating head and pubic lice. Pyrethrin products usually require two treatments in order to eliminate lice.1
Overuse of lice medications (such as reapplying the shampoo too soon) can irritate the skin and may increase the risk of side effects from some products. It is common for itching to persist for 7 to 10 days after treatment. Itching is not a reason to treat the person again.
Complete the new medication information form (PDF) (What is a PDF document?) to help you understand this medication.
References
Citations
Drugs for head lice (2005). Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics, 47(1215/1216): 68–70.
Frankowski BL, et al. (2002). Head lice. Pediatrics, 110(3): 638–642.
Credits
| Author | Debby Golonka, MPH |
| Author | Ralph Poore |
| Editor | Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA |
| Associate Editor | Marianne Flagg |
| Associate Editor | Pat Truman |
| Primary Medical Reviewer | Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine |
| Primary Medical Reviewer | Michael J. Sexton, MD - Pediatrics |
| Specialist Medical Reviewer | Emmett Francoeur, MDCM, CSPQ, FRCPC - Pediatrics |
| Last Updated | November 24, 2006 |
| Last updated: | November 24, 2006 |
|---|---|
| Author: | Ralph Poore |
| Reviewed By: | Michael J. Sexton, MD - Pediatrics, Emmett Francoeur, MDCM, CSPQ, FRCPC - Pediatrics |
| Editors: | Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA, Pat Truman |
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