Narcotic painkillers

Examples

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Brand Name	Chemical Name
Vicoprofen	hydrocodone

Hydrocodone is available as tablets, capsules, or syrups.

Brand Name	Chemical Name
Methadose	methadone hydrochloride

Methadone is available as pills or as a liquid you swallow. It is also given as a shot.

Brand Name	Chemical Name
Roxanol	morphine sulfate

Morphine sulfate is available as pills or as rectal suppositories. It is also given as a shot or intravenously. MS Contin, Oramorph SR, and Avinza are pills that supply a controlled release of morphine.

Brand Name	Chemical Name
Roxicodone	oxycodone hydrochloride

Brand Name	Chemical Name
Tylox	oxycodone and acetaminophen

Brand Name	Chemical Name
Percodan	oxycodone and aspirin

Oxycodone is available as pills, controlled-release tablets, or a liquid you swallow. It is sometimes combined with acetaminophen or aspirin.

How It Works

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Narcotic painkillers act upon specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord to ease pain and reduce your emotional response to pain.

Why It Is Used

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Narcotic painkillers are used to ease pain caused by surgery, accident or injury, or chronic illness such as cancer.

Methadone also is used to treat addiction to opiates, such as heroin.

Hydrocodone also is used to control coughing.

How Well It Works

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These drugs effectively manage pain.

As a treatment for opiate addiction, methadone is effective in reducing withdrawal symptoms.

Hydrocodone effectively controls cough.

Side Effects

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Narcotic painkillers cause many side effects, including:

• Drowsiness.
• Lightheadedness.
• Weakness and fatigue.
• Feelings of elation (euphoria).
• Dry mouth.
• Difficulty urinating.
• Difficulty breathing.
• Constipation, which may be severe.
  • Talk to your doctor about laxative use to prevent constipation.
  • You can prevent constipation at home. Make sure you drink enough fluids. Most adults should drink between 8 and 10 glasses of water, or noncaffeinated beverages each day. Include fruits, vegetables, and fiber in your diet each day.
• Skin reactions, such as irritation, itching, or hives.

Narcotic drugs affect breathing and should be used with caution by older adults and people who have lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. A narcotic can cause your body to expect the drug daily if used for more than a week or so. This is called drug dependency. Dependency is not the same as addiction, which is a behavioral disorder marked by craving a drug.

See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug Reference is not available in all systems.)

What To Think About

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Narcotics may affect your balance, coordination, and your ability to think. Do not drive or operate any type of equipment if you are taking a narcotic painkiller.

Do not drink alcohol or use other drugs while you are taking a narcotic painkiller.

Narcotics can interact with many other drugs. Make sure that your doctor knows all the drugs you are taking.

Narcotics should be used with caution after a head injury.

Narcotics should be used during pregnancy only if the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the fetus. These drugs can pass through your body in breast milk and should not be used while you are breast-feeding.

Sometimes a narcotic painkiller is combined with acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) or aspirin. If that is true in your case, do not take more acetaminophen or aspirin unless your doctor tells you to.

Complete the new medication information form (PDF) (What is a PDF document?) to help you understand this medication.

Credits

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Author	Cynthia Tank
Editor	Renée Spengler, RN, BSN
Associate Editor	Michele Cronen
Associate Editor	Lisa Shaw
Primary Medical Reviewer	Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer	Michael Seth Rabin, MD - Medical Oncology
Last Updated	November 4, 2005