Nutrition and physical activity

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Nutrition and physical activity

Food provides energy for physical activity. As you get more active and more fit, and/or as you lose weight, your energy needs (how many calories you need) may change. To get the energy you require, you need to get the proper amount of:

• Protein, which is needed to maintain and rebuild tissues such as muscles.
• Carbohydrate, which is the body's preferred source of energy.
• Fat, which also provides energy.
• Water, to replace water lost through activity.

Food guides, which group foods according to the nutrients they provide, are designed to help you get all the nutrients you need by eating the proper amount of foods from several different groups. An example is MyPyramid . Eating a diet that is varied, balanced, and moderate can provide you with all the nutrients the body needs without getting too much or too little of any one nutrient.

• Balance means eating the recommended number of servings from each food group most days.
• Variety within each food group (for example, eating different fruits from the fruit group instead of eating only apples) ensures that you will get all the nutrients you need, since no one food provides every nutrient. Eating a wide variety of foods will also help you avoid eating too much of any substance that may be harmful.
• Moderation means eating a little of everything but nothing in excess. All foods can fit into a healthy diet if you eat everything in moderation.

Those who are very active or who are athletes may have special nutritional needs. They usually don't need more protein than other people, but they do need more carbohydrate (grains, vegetables, fruits) than the amount recommended for the average person. Carbohydrate is stored as ready energy in the liver and muscles, and this supply is used up very quickly during exercise. Endurance athletes (such as runners and cyclists) need a particularly large amount of carbohydrate. The carbohydrate needs to be eaten right before and during exercise because the body cannot store a lot of carbohydrate.

For a better understanding of your own nutritional requirements, talk to a sports doctor or dietitian. That's wiser than listening to friends or fellow athletes because myths about eating are common and athletes are usually no better informed about nutrition than the average person. For more information, see the topic Healthy Eating.

Credits

Last updated:	August 26, 2008
Author:	Debby Golonka, MPH
Reviewed By:	Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine, Heather Chambliss, PhD - Exercise Science/Weight Management
Editors:	Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA, Pat Truman, MATC