Malaria vaccines in development
Malaria vaccines in development
Malaria vaccine development is aimed at preventing malaria infection by helping the body develop immunity against the malaria parasite.
Scientists who are developing new malaria vaccines have several challenges to overcome, such as:
- A malaria vaccine must be specific to the Plasmodium species and also specific to the strain of parasite, such as the P. falciparum parasite.
- Malaria immunity is stage-specific. This means that a vaccine that can kill a parasite at one stage of its life cycle may not be able to kill a parasite in another stage.
- Malaria parasites may be able to change (mutate) quickly, making a vaccine ineffective.
- A malaria vaccine must be able to provide immunity without causing significant side effects in the people who receive the vaccine.
- The form of parasite that is injected by the mosquito can reach a human's liver in just 30 minutes.
Finding a vaccine is vital to decreasing the illness and death caused by malaria infection. More study is needed before people can rely on vaccines to protect them from malaria infection. Until a more effective vaccine is available, avoiding mosquito bites and using medications are the only ways to prevent malaria infection. (For more information, see the Prevention and Medications sections of the topic Malaria.)
Blood-stage vaccines
Blood-stage vaccines prevent or contain the malaria infection by limiting the growth of the malaria parasite in the bloodstream. One blood-stage vaccine (Spf66 vaccine) was tested in areas where malaria is common. Based on several different studies, the Spf66 vaccine does not appear to prevent malaria from parasites found in Africa. It appears to slightly reduce the chance of getting malaria in other parts of the world.1
Vaccines that prevent the spread of malaria
Vaccines are being tested that prevent the spread of malaria.2 The vaccine works by preventing the malaria parasites from developing inside a mosquito. So a mosquito that bites a person infected with malaria cannot pass the infection on to another person. The vaccine does not prevent or treat malaria in a person already infected.
References
Citations
Graves P, Gelband H (2004) Vaccines for preventing malaria. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4). Oxford: Update Software.
Kubler-Kielb J et al. (2007). Long-lasting and transmission-blocking activity of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum elicited in mice by protein conjugates of Pfs25. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(1): 293–298.
Credits
| Author | Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS |
| Editor | Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA |
| Associate Editor | Denele Ivins |
| Associate Editor | Pat Truman, MATC |
| Primary Medical Reviewer | Martin Gabica, MD - Family Medicine |
| Specialist Medical Reviewer | W. David Colby IV, MSc, MD, FRCPC - Infectious Disease |
| Last Updated | May 16, 2007 |
| Last updated: | May 16, 2007 |
|---|---|
| Author: | Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS |
| Reviewed By: | Martin Gabica, MD - Family Medicine, W. David Colby IV, MSc, MD, FRCPC - Infectious Disease |
| Editors: | Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA, Pat Truman, MATC |
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