Lead Poisoning: Symptoms

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Symptoms

Lead poisoning usually does not cause symptoms until the level of lead in your blood is very high. Most lead poisoning comes from low levels of exposure over a long period of time. The major organ systems affected are the central nervous system , digestive tract , and the renal system (urinary tract) .

Chronic lead exposure may cause the following symptoms.

General physical symptoms in children and adults (usually seen when lead poisoning levels are severe)

• Stomachaches, cramping, constipation, or diarrhea
• Nausea, vomiting
• Persistent, unexplained fatigue
• Headache
• Muscle weakness

Children with chronic low blood lead levels who may not have obvious symptoms of lead poisoning may have learning problems and be smaller in size than children their age who do not have low to moderate levels of lead poisoning. Studies have shown that declines in IQ can even be seen in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (10 mcg/dL), the level of concern defined by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization.^{7 8} Chronic exposure to lead may also cause behavioral problems in these children.

Behavioral symptoms in children

• Irritability or aggressiveness
• Hyperactivity, being easily distracted, impulsiveness
• Learning problems
• Lack of interest in play
• Loss of appetite

Behavioral symptoms in adults

• Irritability
• Unexplained changes in mood or personality
• Changes in sleep patterns
• Inability to concentrate
• Memory loss

Neurological symptoms (caused by effects of lead on the nervous system)

• Poor coordination
• Weakness in hands and feet
• Headaches
• Seizures
• Paralysis
• Coma

Diagnosing lead poisoning can be difficult because many other conditions cause similar symptoms.

Severe symptoms of acute lead poisoning can include seizures, unconsciousness, paralysis, or swelling in the brain. But exposure to such a high level of lead is not common. If you experience these symptoms, seek emergency medical care.

Last updated:	June 26, 2008
Author:	Debby Golonka, MPH
Reviewed By:	Michael J. Sexton, MD - Pediatrics, R. Steven Tharratt, MD, MPVM, FACP, FCCP - Pulmonology, Critical Care, Medical Toxicology
Editors:	Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA, Pat Truman, MATC