Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

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Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the combination of several antiretroviral medicines used to slow the rate at which HIV makes copies of itself (multiplies) in the body. A combination of three or more antiretroviral medicines is more effective than using just one medicine (monotherapy) to treat HIV.

The use of three or more antiretroviral medicines—sometimes referred to as an anti-HIV "cocktail"—is currently the standard treatment for HIV infection. So far, this treatment offers the best chance of preventing HIV from multiplying, which allows your immune system to stay healthy. The goal of antiretroviral therapy is to reduce the amount of virus in your body (viral load) to a level that can no longer be detected with current blood tests.

Antiretroviral medicines that are often used to treat HIV include:

• Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, also called nucleoside analogs, such as zidovudine (ZDV, formerly AZT) and stavudine (d4T). These medicines are often combined for best results.
• Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), such as efavirenz, nevirapine, or delavirdine.
• Protease inhibitors (PIs), such as atazanavir, saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, fosamprenavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, or tipranavir.
• Fusion inhibitors, such as enfuvirtide.

Atripla is a medicine that combines a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with two nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. It combines efavirenz (Sustiva), emtricitabine (Emtriva), and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread). Atripla is a pill taken once a day.

Credits

Last updated:	June 06, 2007
Author:	Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS
Reviewed By:	Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine, Peter Shalit, MD, PhD - Internal Medicine
Editors:	Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA, Pat Truman